Rio Branco Eartheater (Geophagus altifrons)

The Rio Branco Eartheater is a large, elegant cichlid famous for its shimmering iridescent scales and sweeping fin filaments. As a "true" Eartheater, it spends its day taking mouthfuls of substrate, sifting out organic matter through its gills, and spitting out the clean sand. This constant activity keeps the aquarium floor clean and provides a dynamic, ever-changing environment. With their mix of neon blue, gold, and orange hues, they are a sophisticated choice for hobbyists looking to recreate a piece of the Amazon.

Key Information

• Common Name: Rio Branco Eartheater, Altifrons Eartheater

• Scientific Name: Geophagus altifrons

• Origin: South America (Rio Negro and Rio Branco basins)

• Max Size: 20–25 cm

• Lifespan: 10–15 years

• Temperament: Peaceful (Very docile for a large cichlid)

• Diet: Omnivore – Requires high-quality sinking pellets, frozen bloodworms, and brine shrimp.

• Care Level: Moderate

Water Parameters

Parameter	Value
Temperature:	26–30°C
pH:	5.5–7.0 (Prefers soft, acidic water)
Hardness:	2–10 dGH
Minimum Tank Size:	350L+ (Floor space is more important than height)

Behaviour & Tank Compatibility

Despite their size, these are exceptionally peaceful cichlids. They are social fish that thrive when kept in groups of 5–8, which helps them feel secure and reduces minor squabbles over territory. They are excellent tank mates for other peaceful South American species like Angelfish, Severums, and large schools of Tetras (like Bleeding Heart or Rummy Nose). Avoid keeping them with aggressive "bullies" that might nip at their delicate fin streamers.

Ideal Tank Setup

• Fine Sand Substrate: Non-negotiable. Because they sift sand through their gills, coarse gravel can cause serious injury or death. Soft, fine sand is essential for their natural behavior.

• Open Floor Space: They need plenty of room to "plow" through the sand. Do not clutter the bottom with too many rocks.

• Large Driftwood: Use vertical driftwood branches to provide cover without taking up too much floor space.

• Strong Filtration: Sifting sand creates a lot of suspended particles. A high-turnover canister filter with a good mechanical stage is necessary.

• Pristine Water: They are sensitive to "old" water. Weekly water changes are required to keep nitrates very low.